Still one of the most shocking modern plays
Almeida Theatre

Cleansed was a shocker when it was premiered in 1998 and still is today. The main thing that has changed is writer Sarah Kane‘s reputation. In the 27 years since her death, she has come to be regarded as one of the great modern playwrights- but that doesn’t mean they all liked it. All these years later, most reviewers still found the scenes of torture hard to stomach. Many of the reviews listed in detail the full horror of her surreal play about humanity’s need for violence (and love), but, so as to avoid having to put a warning on this roundup, I give you What’sOnStage’s sanitised plot summary: ‘An assortment of young adults, their morale at various stages of broken, live under the tyrannous rule of the Tinker, a man who sniffs out any sign of hope, any moment of wholesomeness, and destroys it with violence.’ There was disagreement about whether the violence was gratuitous and whether director Rebecca Frecknall‘s modification of some of it into stylised movement helped. There was also criticism from some quarters of the play’s (deliberate) lack of coherence, although others saw this as indicative of a dream/nightmare. The cast were praised for their acting and their stamina.
[Links to full reviews are included but a number are behind paywalls and therefore may not be accessible]
5 stars ⭑⭑⭑⭑⭑
The Telegraph’s Dominic Cavendish was in no doubt: ‘You emerge numb. Yet it grips completely – a must-see.’ He explained: ‘28 years on, it is clearly grappling with hard, enduring truths about human nature.’ He praised the director: ‘general, she grasps that despite the required gory spectacle, less is more. There’s a balletic quality to some of the movement, and, honouring Kane too, a marked stylisation to the brutalisation.’ He pointed out: ‘much as the piece manifests real-world harms, it also digs into psychological interiors; each of the misfit characters, even Tinker, is groping for love – which is twinned, in its absolutism, with pain. The show inculpates us as viewers, and holds a mirror up to our darkest selves.’ He said he ‘emerged chastened, even shocked, by Kane’s original flair and artistic integrity. Her work, exquisitely rendered, still makes most theatre look tame and uninspiring.’
4 stars ⭑⭑⭑⭑
The Guardian’s Arifa Akbar described how the ‘play interrogates the limits of theatre and representation in its extremity and breakdown of conventional form. Exposing the theatrical construction of violence, through various techniques, does little to protect us from the horror of observing it, and Frecknall oscillates masterfully between realism and a more poetic vein. When characters are in the furthest extremity of pain, their movements become a kind of expressive dance. There is lyricism in it but not so it beautifies violence. Importantly, it never seems gratuitous, either.’ She also noted: ‘There is sudden, immense beauty, declarations of love, romantic clinches and humour. Set alongside Kane’s brand of post-dramatic theatre, the play’s message is strangely romantic: the human need, maybe even demand, for love and for beauty persists, every bit as vital a force as violence’.
Miriam Sallon for WhatsOnStage felt challenged: ‘it’s not as simple as inflicted cruelty. Kane seems to be saying that nothing is good; no thought is pure.’ She commented: ‘Performances are faultless; deeply unsettling and heartrending in equal measure, except Leo Bill’s Tinker, who is only the former.’ she concluded: ‘it is unarguably powerful, an embittered, howling manifesto of a world unsalvageable.’
3 stars ⭑⭑⭑
The Financial Times’ Sarah Hemming pointed out: ‘It’s still an incredibly tough watch, with the brutality stacked so thick that it becomes an ordeal. But that’s partly Kane’s point. She was tormented by the human capacity for both compassion and cruelty, by the atrocities of war and our ability to become desensitised to horror. Plays like Cleansed and Blasted confront how theatre, tasked with representing truth through artifice, might tackle this.’ She observed: ‘in the end, the piece is so extreme that it doesn’t land with the same force as, say, the blinding of Lear’.
Holly O’Mahony for LondonTheatre described how ‘Chris Fisher’s illusions make it all the more convincing too, while Angus MacRae’s soundscape of unnerving, rhythmic knocking, thudding, drilling and nondescript peace-shattering sounds ensure there’s no respite. In this hellscape, each member of Frecknall’s brave cast carries their character’s marathon of agony and humiliation with impressive stamina.’
Tim Bano at Time Out thought: ‘Its shortcomings are not because it’s a horrible play – it is, but theatre doesn’t always have to be enjoyable, and that horror is clearly in the service of something – but because it’s an imperfect production. Frecknall can’t seem to decide whether to show us the extremes, or to abstract them, and the result is only sometimes extraordinary, never quite living up to the version of the play that runs through your perplexed head when reading it.‘
Tom Wicker for The Stage described the set: ‘The play’s stage directions say that it’s set in a university, but that feels grimly ironic, as set designer Madeleine Girling’s grubbily nondescript slice of hallway and strip of a windowed room quickly break the boundaries of literalism to become a torture chamber of difference.’ He explained: ‘Frecknall doesn’t spare us the maiming but wisely pivots away from distracting prosthetics towards something more horrifically balletic (…) This still explicit but more abstracted approach to the physical relieves some of the pressure of the play’s reputation and allows a greater focus on Kane’s preoccupation with what love looks like under duress‘.
Alexander Cohen of BroadwayWorld explained the way the production has changed the effect of the play: ‘The prominence of movement modifies the emotional fulcrum from grotesque body horror deeper toward the ephemeral and fleeting love and longing underneath. This Cleansed speaks to an audience fluent in the language of mental health, rather than one accustomed to art that prides itself on shock value.’ He ended: ‘Without context to ground it, the violence will always feel overcooked, and the beauty on the other side of it unanchored and uneasy.’
The Independent‘s Alice Saville complimented the director’s approach: ‘Rebecca Frecknall’s production extends a sympathetic hand to nervous audiences. Blood is stored in sandwich bags before it anoints body parts: flaming paper is dropped immediately into a fire-proof bucket. These self-conscious, Brechtian touches combine with stylised movement sequences to create a production that holds Kane’s full horrors at arm’s length, without stinting on utter despair.’ She concluded: ‘maybe Kane suits a more pared-back approach, one that lets her message cut like a knife. This play is a brothel, a psychiatric institution, a torture chamber, a twisted party. But it’s also nowhere at all, and it’s that purgatorial abstraction that captures the utter hopelessness of her conviction that love burns you, then deserts you, leaving nothing but a pile of smouldering embers in a wasteland.’
1 star ⭑
The Times’ Clive Davis had no truck with it: ‘because there’s no depth or hinterland to any of these figures, it’s impossible to detect any logic to their plight as they are subjected to random acts of violence. Scratch away the veneer, and what’s left is a series of intense rehearsal room exercises, delivered with true professionalism, but in the end signifying nothing.’
1 star ⭑ (assumed)
The i’s Fiona Mountford, who had deliberately avoided Cleansed over the years, regretted her decision to give it a try: ‘Kane enthusiasts claim that the point of Cleansed is that love, somehow, still endures, but I would vehemently argue that this is not sufficient reason to subject yourself to this gruelling deluge.’
Critics’ average rating 3.2 ⭑
Cleansed can be seen at The Almeida Theatre until 29 August 2026. Buy tickets directly from almeida.co.uk
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